Python3调用c/cpp的方法
2022-03-31
原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/springlustre/article/details/101177282
作者:springlustre
有改动,仅供参考
python中使用 ctypes 模块可以在python中直接调用C/C++。
首先要将C/C++编译成动态库(.so),然后python中调用即可。
特别注意在调用C++函数需要在函数声明时,加入前缀 extern "C" ,这是因为C++支持函数重载功能,在编译时会改变函数名。在函数声明时,前缀extern "C"可以确保按C的方式进行编译。
值得注意的是,一定要有函数输入输出类型的声明,int型不用转换,float和double类型需要进行转换;
ctypes中的变量类型与C中对应如下:
ctypes数据类型 | C数据类型 |
---|---|
c_char | char |
c_short | short |
c_int | int |
c_long | long |
c_float | float |
c_double | double |
c_void_p | void |
c_uint8 | unsigned char |
使用方法:
- 编写c++代码
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <vector>
#include <stdio.h>
class Test{
private:
double _calculate(int a, double b);
public:
double calculate(int a, double b, char c[], int * d, double * e, char ** f);
};
double Test::_calculate(int a, double b){
double res = a+b;
std::cout<<"res: "<<res<<std::endl;
return res;
}
double Test::calculate(int a, double b, char c[], int * d, double * e, char ** f){
std::cout<<"a: "<<a<<std::endl;
std::cout<<"b: "<<b<<std::endl;
std::cout<<"c: "<<c<<std::endl;
std::cout<<"d: "<<d[0]<<d[1]<<std::endl;
std::cout<<"e: "<<e[0]<<e[1]<<std::endl;
std::cout<<"f: "<<f[0]<<f[1]<<std::endl;
return this->_calculate(a, b);
}
// 封装C接口
extern "C"{
// 创建对象
Test* test_new(){
return new Test;
}
double my_calculate(Test* t, int a, double b, char c[], int * d, double * e, char ** f){
return t->calculate(a, b,c,d,e,f);
}
}
- 将上面的代码编译成so文件
g++ -shared -Wl,-soname,test -o test.so -fPIC test.cpp
- 使用python调用so文件
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import ctypes
# 指定动态链接库
lib = ctypes.cdll.LoadLibrary('./test.so')
#需要指定返回值的类型,默认是int
lib.my_calculate.restype = ctypes.c_double
class Test(object):
def __init__(self):
# 动态链接对象
self.obj = lib.test_new()
def calculate(self, a, b,c,d,e,f):
res = lib.my_calculate(self.obj, a, b,c,d,e,f)
return res
#将python类型转换成c类型,支持int, float,string的变量和数组的转换
def convert_type(input):
ctypes_map = {int:ctypes.c_int,
float:ctypes.c_double,
str:ctypes.c_char_p
}
input_type = type(input)
if input_type is list:
length = len(input)
if length==0:
print("convert type failed...input is "+input)
return null
else:
arr = (ctypes_map[type(input[0])] * length)()
for i in range(length):
arr[i] = bytes(input[i],encoding="utf-8") if (type(input[0]) is str) else input[i]
return arr
else:
if input_type in ctypes_map:
return ctypes_map[input_type](bytes(input,encoding="utf-8") if type(input) is str else input)
else:
print("convert type failed...input is "+input)
return null
if __name__ == '__main__':
t = Test()
A1 = 123;
A2 = 0.789;
A3 = "C789";
A4 = [456,789];
A5 = [0.123,0.456];
A6 = ["A123", "B456"];
print(t.calculate(convert_type(A1), convert_type(A2), convert_type(A3),convert_type(A4),convert_type(A5),convert_type(A6)))